: High-pressure delivery schedules can lead to traffic violations and increased injury rates [27].
Historically, the term "courier" has described various vital roles, from the "kashariyot" who acted as lifelines during the Holocaust to modern-day specialized gamete couriers who transport sensitive biological materials across borders [7, 20]. Today, a courier is defined as a person or company specializing in the direct, secure, and rapid transportation of items from one location to another [8, 35]. COURIERS
: Dealing with damaged packages, incorrect addresses, and sorting errors remains a constant challenge for the industry [25]. The Future of Courier Services : High-pressure delivery schedules can lead to traffic
Despite their importance, couriers face numerous occupational hurdles: : Dealing with damaged packages, incorrect addresses, and
: Long hours and physically taxing work contribute to high levels of burnout and fatigue [1, 6, 9].
Major global players like UPS, FedEx, DHL, and Amazon Logistics dominate the traditional shipping landscape, often utilizing a "hub and spoke" model for international reach [29, 32]. The Rise of the Gig Economy