The classic theological stance, often cited by Catholic and traditional Protestant sources, views hell as a place of literal or metaphorical fire where the "worm never dies".

Doomed to Hell: The Evolution and Ethics of Eternal Damnation

: Many theologians emphasize that God does not "send" anyone to hell; rather, individuals choose it by persistently rejecting a relationship with the divine. Emerging Perspectives: Annihilationism and Universalism

: Proponents argue that a perfectly just God must punish moral crimes. From this perspective, hell is not a failure of love but a fulfillment of divine justice .

: Far from just physical pain, the primary "doom" is the eternal separation from God .

Doomed to Hell