Encyclopedia Of Islam -

Encyclopaedia of Islam Online (English) - Brill Reference Works

(1913–1936): Focused primarily on pre-modern history and was largely authored by European scholars.

: Direct access is available for purchase from Brill, with rates such as $18.00 for one day or $99.00 for 30 days. Encyclopedia of Islam

: Online versions support searching with or without Arabic diacritics. While early editions often used technical Arabic titles for entries, the Third Edition predominantly uses English titles. Alternative Guides for Students and General Readers

(2007–Present): Currently in progress and updated four times a year. It emphasizes the 20th century, global Muslim minorities, and expanded social science perspectives. Access and Research Options Encyclopaedia of Islam Online (English) - Brill Reference

The EI has been released in three distinct scholarly editions:

(1954–2005): Significantly expanded to include modern perspectives and contributions from Muslim scholars. It remains a definitive resource for historical and religious topics. While early editions often used technical Arabic titles

: Most academic libraries provide access through portals like UW-Madison or Princeton .