Handles authentication, security, and location tracking.
The central node for call routing and management. GSM – Architecture, Protocols and Services
Uses the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) to store unique identity information. Security is maintained through a challenge-response authentication mechanism and over-the-air encryption using algorithms like A5. Handles authentication, security, and location tracking
Includes features such as call forwarding, call waiting, and multi-party conferences. and multi-party conferences.