Java: Сќс„с„рµрєс‚рёрірѕрѕрµ Рїсђрѕрісђр°рјрјрёсђрѕрір°рѕрёрµ -

: Make classes and members as private as possible.

: Don't use them for normal control flow. : Make classes and members as private as possible

: Pass resources to the constructor instead of hardcoding them (Singleton/Static utilities). 2. Methods Common to All Objects use wrappers or delegates instead.

: This prevents NullPointerException for the caller. : Make classes and members as private as possible

: Always provide a useful implementation to make debugging easier.

: Interfaces allow for flexible, "mixin" type behavior. 4. Generics and Enums

: Inheritance breaks encapsulation; use wrappers or delegates instead.