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: Authors often repeat key ideas for emphasis. Record these ideas only once in your notes to keep the summary lean.

: While taking notes, ensure you can answer Who, What, Where, When, and Why . This helps capture the core narrative or argument.

: Look at titles, table of contents, and headings to grasp the general meaning before diving deep.

: Avoid including interesting but non-essential details. If a piece of information doesn't change the overall meaning of the text, leave it out. Summary Checklist

: Replace long descriptions with single, impactful words. For example, instead of writing "gets crushed down into," use the word "compacts."

: Focus on headings and the first sentences of paragraphs, as these typically contain the main points.